This page describes how Python is handled in Homebrew for users. See Python for Formula Authors for advice on writing formulae to install packages written in Python.
Pip install mysqlclient If you need 1.2.x versions (legacy Python only), use pip install MySQL-python. Note: Some dependencies might have to be in place when running the above command. Some hints on how to install these on various platforms: Ubuntu 14, Ubuntu 16, Debian 8.6 (jessie) sudo apt-get install python-pip python-dev libmysqlclient-dev.
- When I try to install the Cryptography package for Python through either pip install cryptography or by downloading the package from their site and running python setup.py, I get the following erro.
- 首先升级 pip: pip install -upgrade pip pip list # show packages installed within the virtual environment. 之后退出虚拟环境: deactivate # don't exit until you're done using TensorFlow Conda. 虽然我们建议使用 TensorFlow 提供的 pip 软件包,但也可以使用由社区提供支持的 Anaconda 软件包。.
Homebrew should work with any CPython and defaults to the macOS system Python.
Homebrew provides formulae to brew Python 3.x.
Homebrew provided a python@2
formula until the end of 2019, at which point it was removed due to the Python 2 deprecation.
Important: If you choose to use a Python which isn't either of these two (system Python or brewed Python), the Homebrew team cannot support any breakage that may occur.
Python 3.x
Homebrew provides a formula for Python 3.x (python@3.x
).
Important: Python may be upgraded to a newer version at any time. Consider using a versionmanager such as pyenv
if you require stability of minor or patch versions for virtual environments.
The executables are organised as follows:
python3
points to Homebrew's Python 3.x (if installed)pip3
points to Homebrew's Python 3.x's pip (if installed)
Apple flash player update. Unversioned symlinks for python
, python-config
, pip
etc. are installed here:
Setuptools, Pip, etc.
The Python formulae install pip (as pip3
) and Setuptools.
Setuptools can be updated via pip3, without having to re-brew Python:
Similarly, pip3 can be used to upgrade itself via:
site-packages
and the PYTHONPATH
The site-packages
is a directory that contains Python modules (especially bindings installed by other formulae). Homebrew creates it here:
So, for Python 3.y.z, you'll find it at /usr/local/lib/python3.y/site-packages
.
Python 3.y also searches for modules in:
The Python formulae install pip (as pip3
) and Setuptools.
Setuptools can be updated via pip3, without having to re-brew Python:
Similarly, pip3 can be used to upgrade itself via:
site-packages
and the PYTHONPATH
The site-packages
is a directory that contains Python modules (especially bindings installed by other formulae). Homebrew creates it here:
So, for Python 3.y.z, you'll find it at /usr/local/lib/python3.y/site-packages
.
Python 3.y also searches for modules in:
/Library/Python/3.y/site-packages
~/Library/Python/3.y/lib/python/site-packages
Homebrew's site-packages
directory is first created if (1) any Homebrew formula with Python bindings are installed, or (2) upon brew install python
.
Why here?
The reasoning for this location is to preserve your modules between (minor) upgrades or re-installations of Python. Additionally, Homebrew has a strict policy never to write stuff outside of the brew --prefix
, so we don't spam your system.
Homebrew-provided Python bindings
Some formulae provide Python bindings.
Macos Brew Install Python Pip
Warning! Python may crash (see Common Issues) if you import
from a brewed Python if you ran brew install
against the system Python. If you decide to switch to the brewed Python, then reinstall all formulae with Python bindings (e.g. Office 2019 pkg download. pyside
, wxwidgets
, pygtk
, pygobject
, opencv
, vtk
and boost-python
).
Policy for non-brewed Python bindings
Macos Install Pip Brew Command
These should be installed via pip install
. To discover, you can use pip search
or https://pypi.python.org/pypi.
Note: macOS's system Python does not provide pip
. Follow the pip documentation to install it for your system Python if you would like it.
Brewed Python modules
For brewed Python, modules installed with pip3
or python3 setup.py install
will be installed to the $(brew --prefix)/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages
directory (explained above). Executable Python scripts will be in $(brew --prefix)/bin
.
The system Python may not know which compiler flags to set in order to build bindings for software installed in Homebrew so you may need to run:
Virtualenv
WARNING: When you brew install
formulae that provide Python bindings, you should not be in an active virtual environment.
Activate the virtualenv after you've brewed, or brew in a fresh terminal window.Homebrew will still install Python modules into Homebrew's site-packages
and not into the virtual environment's site-package.
Virtualenv has a --system-site-packages
switch to allow 'global' (i.e. Homebrew's) site-packages
to be accessible from within the virtualenv.
Why is Homebrew's Python being installed as a dependency?
Formulae that declare an unconditional dependency on the 'python'
formula are bottled against Homebrew's Python 3.x and require it to be installed.